In the preface to the 2015 Manifesto of the All Progressives Congress, its former National Chairman, John Odigie-Oyegun, had invited Nigerians to hold the party accountable if it failed to fulfil its campaign promises. Odigie-Oyegun said: “I invite you to read our manifesto and share our message with all those who genuinely care about Nigeria. All Nigerians must join hands to actualize what is contained in this manifesto and hold us to account if we fail to achieve them. For us, this manifesto is our social contract with Nigeria.”
Less than a month to the next general election, the NEXT EDITION has decided to review the entire manifesto with a view to holding the APC and the government accountable to the Nigerian electorate who voted them into power. The review covered every item set out in the party’s manifesto and is based on verifiable proofs, reports from the media and relevant local and international groups, etc.
The result of the review exercise will be presented in a two-part report which will interrogate the promises made by the party and benchmark the level of implementation of each item set out in the manifesto.
While comments and reactions from readers will be greatly appreciated, the use of uncouth and abusive words will not be allowed on the platform.
Enjoy the first part of our incisive review of the APC’s 2015 Election Manifesto.
NATIONAL SECURITY – POLICIES
The primary purpose of government is the protection of lives and properties; as well as the enforcement of contracts and obligations. An APC government will, therefore, accord national security the highest priority. To this end, we recognize the current threats to our national unity, peace and security; we shall take holistic steps to address them.
Accordingly, APC will:
• Urgently increase the capacity and capability of Nigeria’s military, police, and other security agencies through the employment of additional personnel, provision of modern equipment, and a commitment to professionalism, merit and excellence in the respective services to meet the needs of our growing population; MODERATELY SUCCESSFUL
– Many recruitment exercises have been initiated during the last three years of the administration and some equipment have been acquired but the security agencies are far from meeting the needs of Nigerians.
• Develop, promote, and implement a public accountability framework to enhance the operational autonomy and efficiency of the Military, Police, and other security agencies in the discharge of their constitutional mandates; FAILED
– The government has woefully failed in this promise because there is no accountability framework in the spending of security agencies. That is why the public has demanded the military high command to account for the billions released for the fight against Boko Haram and spending by other national security outfits.
• Promote peaceful and harmonious coexistence by ensuring that Nigerians are free to live, work, and worship in any part of the country without let or hindrance; FAILED
– The government has failed in this promise because it has not sorted out the settler/ indigene question and the killings by herdsmen across the country.
• Protect the country against external and internal aggression and enhance our national security through stricter control of our borders while maintaining strong, close, and beneficial relationships with our neighbors and other countries. FAILED
– The country’s borders are still as porous and insecure as ever and illegal immigrants still bribe their way in and out of the country’s borders.
1.1 NATIONAL SECURITY – STRATEGIES
Our national security objective is to secure our nation as a basis for peaceful coexistence and development. This will be achieved through improved prevention, detection, and prosecution of crimes by enhancing the capacity and capability of our military, law enforcement, and security agencies. APC will therefore:
A CAPACITY, CAPABILITY AND WELFARE ENHANCEMENTS
i. Carry out a national security audit to determine the state of affairs, capacity, and capability deficits in our armed forces, police and other security agencies; FAILED
– The public is not aware of any national security audit carried out under the administration except for the panel that investigated former National Security Adviser, Sambo Dasuki. A national security audit should have covered the operations of the Armed Forces, the Police, the National Security and Civil Defence Corps, Immigration, Customs etc.
ii. Immediately commence a capacity building initiative for the Nigerian Police and Armed Forces to improve their professionalism and service delivery; MODERATELY SUCCESSFUL
– All the security agencies in the country have embarked on aggressive capacity building initiatives for their officers especially.
iii. Increase personnel levels in the Nigerian Army, Navy and Air Force to meet current challenges and ensure that they are well trained and equipped for their constitutional responsibility; MODERATELY SUCCESSFUL
– A lot of recruitments have been made by the military but they are yet to be well-equipped to handle the contemporary security challenges faced by the country.
iv. Provide logistic support for state police commands, i.e. uniforms, vehicles, communication tools, arms and ammunition, etc. For example, if each state gets 200 patrol vehicles per annum, which will amount to 7,400 vehicles in 36 states and the FCT at an average cost of N5m each, we will be spending N37b only a year. If we do this for four (4) years, it will amount to N148b; FAILED
– No command got close to 200 patrol vehicles in three years. The biggest donation of patrol vehicles was done by Aloko Dangote.
v. Create immediate new jobs by employing an average of 5,000 police officers and other security agents per state and the FCT to improve the Police to population ratio nationwide; MODERATELY SUCCESSFUL
-While police officers have been recruited, the number is not near 5,000. The police recruited 5000 personnel recently and that included the rank and file. By officers, it is supposed to mean from Assistant Superintendents up and 5000 were not recruited in the police or equivalent in the other security agencies.
vi. Upward review of the allowances of security agents, such as the Hazard Allowances commensurate with professional risk; MODERATELY SUCCESSFUL
– The government has just increased the salaries of officers and men of the Nigerian Police but nothing is heard about the Armed Forces and paramilitary organisations. However, hazard allowances paid are not commensurate with the associated professional risks.
vii. Urgent review of death and disability insurance to a minimum of N1m (One Million Naira only) from the current level of less than N100,000; FAILED
-There is no evidence to show the government has increased the disability insurance to N1 million.
viii. Review the current legislative and institutional arrangements for law enforcement nationwide; FAILED
-The Police Act Amendment Bill currently before the National Assembly is sponsored by Senator Bala Ibn Na’Allah and not by the executive. The IGP kicked against some provisions in the bill which seeks to make the service more transparent and public friendly.
ix. Develop a comprehensive capacity and capability enhancement plan to strengthen the Military, Police, Paramilitary and other national security institutions with increased funding, staffing levels, equipment, and training; FAILED
-The government has not developed any known capacity enhancement plan for security agencies in the country.
B PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY FRAMEWORK
i. Separate functions such that Ministries and Ministers are restricted to policy-making while the heads of Military, Police, Paramilitary and other law enforcement agencies are responsible for operations; FAILED
-No known legal framework has been created to ensure the operational autonomy of security agencies from the grip of their various ministries.
ii. Ensure that Constitutional and Statutory Commissions will undertake strictly regulatory functions in the discharge of their legislative mandates; FAILED
-Security agencies still operate the same way the present administration met them when it came into office in 2015.
iii. Ensure that the operational heads of the Military, Police, paramilitary and other law enforcement agencies shall present and defend their respective Annual Plans and Budgets to the National Assembly through their Ministers and be held accountable for performance and outcomes. NOTHING CHANGED
-This has always been the practice and not a new creation by the APC government.
C HARMONY AND PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE
i. APC shall place primacy on state of residence and discharge of tax obligations as basis for eligibility for public entitlements and services; FAILED
-Nothing has been done to actualize this promise as the status quo before 2015 still persists across the country.
ii. Remove requirements for state of origin, tribe, ethnic, and religious affiliation in all public bio-data requirements; FAILED
-The country is more polarized based on state of origin, ethnic and religious affiliation than ever before.
iii. Establish a framework for proactive resolution of conflicts and the management of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) by establishing a Conflict Resolution Commission; FAILED
-No framework has been created for proactive resolution of conflicts, instead the country has witnessed more crises than ever in the last three years.
iv. Establish a framework for the reclaiming and resuscitation of grazing reserves and corridors while proactively addressing the conflict between farmers and nomadic herdsmen. FAILED
-While it has made frantic attempts at opening grazing reserves and colonies, the initiative has been resisted by majority of Nigerians.
D TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY
i. More accurately define and control our national borders by the construction of border walls, perimeter barriers, fencing, etc.; as necessary; FAILED
-The government has not constructed even an inch of boarder wall or fence or barrier anywhere in the country.
ii. Invest in the capacity development and training of border control service personnel such as the Customs and Immigration;MODERATELY SUCCESSFUL
-The Customs and Immigration services have continued with their regular training programmes. The government is yet to introduce new and tailor-made capacity development programmes for them. Both services are still extorting from Nigerians and foreigners.
iii. Rigorously enforce Agreements, Treaties, and Regulations seeking to limit and reduce the incidence of illegal trade in and movement of small arms across the West African sub-region and into Nigeria; FAILED
-Nigeria is still plagued by the activities of smugglers and proliferation of not only small arms but sophisticated arms such as used by Boko Haram, Niger Delta militants and bandits in Zamfara, Fulani herdsmen, etc.
GOOD GOVERNANCE – POLICIES
Many Nigerians believe that our politics is broken. Our nation, therefore, needs political reform and significant improvements in governance. This is possible when governments are products of credible elections (legitimacy); have a purpose and direction (efficacy); utilize public resources to serve the majority (efficiency), and focus on service delivery (performance). Consequently, APC will:
• Implement comprehensive electoral reforms at national and sub-national levels that would guarantee free, fair, and credible elections and strengthen election management agencies to discharge their constitutional mandates; FAILED
– The president has four times refused to sign the Electoral Act Amendment Bill co-sponsored by INEC. The law is seen as a recipe for free and credible election in the country.
• Uphold the supremacy of the constitution, ensure that all Nigerians are equal before the law; faithfully respect the separation of powers and independence of all arms of government, and strengthen the justice system to protect the rights of all citizens; FAILED
-The government has been ranked at the rock bottom by local and international groups on respect to the rule of law, separation of powers, respect to human rights and court processes.
• Run a government with an accountable, transparent, competent, and efficient public service with zero tolerance for corruption, a focus on waste reduction, and a merit-based reward system as guiding principles; FAILED
-The government is anything but accountable, transparent and efficient. It is accused of using “insecticide” on the opposition elements and “perfume” for members of the APC alleged to be corrupt. It does not respect merit in appointment or reward system and has been severely accused of nepotism.
• Devolve powers, functions and responsibilities along with increased funding to states and local governments – FAILED
-No action has been taken to devolve power to the states and local governments. President Buhari and the APC denied they promised to restructure the country and devolve more power to the states.
2.1 GOOD GOVERNANCE – STRATEGIES
Our good governance framework seeks to strengthen our union, deepen our democracy, promote the rule of law, and ensure full compliance with the letter and spirit of the Constitution in the administration of our nation at all levels. Accordingly, APC will:
A. FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS
i. Review, update, and implement past recommendations on electoral reforms aimed at strengthening INEC to reduce and eventually eliminate electoral malpractices; FAILED
-The government has not shown genuine desire to clean up the electoral process by its words and actions. The Ekiti and Osun governorship elections have been criticised by local and foreign observers as highly rigged and militarised.
ii. Strengthen election management agencies with appropriate funding, advanced technology and operational autonomy to ensure that the vote of every Nigerian count, including those in the Diaspora. FAILED
-The government has failed to fulfil this promise. Knowing the rigours of elections, it failed to include INEC’s funding in the 2018 budget and decided to forward a separate proposal to the National Assembly when the lawmakers were almost embarking on recess. This shows how unserious the government is and the failure to sign the Electoral Act Amendment Bill further attests to how unwilling it is to conduct a credible election. The bill was sanctioned by INEC.
B. RULE OF LAW
i. Carry out a status assessment as basis for the reform and strengthening of the Justice System for efficient administration and prompt dispensation of justice; FAILED
– Instead of initiating processes and policies to reform the judiciary, the government has attempted to usurp the powers of the courts and judges; it has serially disobeyed court rulings unfavourable to it and has failed to take relevant steps to ensure prompt dispensation of justice just like past administrations.
ii. Increase investment in the criminal justice system by building more courtrooms, police formations, prison facilities, crime prevention, detection and management systems, such as forensic laboratories; FAILED
– The government has done very little or nothing in this direction and that is why the level of crime and delayed dispensation of justice are still major issues in the country.
iii. Increase the use of technology such as verbatim recording, electronic filing, and online case management, etc., in the administration of justice system. FAILED
– The situation in the courts, prisons and police stations have not changed from what obtained in the past.
C. GOVERNMENT TRANSPARENCY AND ANTI-CORRUPTION MEASURES
i. Ensure full implementation of the Freedom of Information Act and the domestication of same in all the states of the federation so that government-held data sets can be requested and used by the media and the public at large, and then published on a regular basis; FAILED
– The government has failed to ensure its ministries, departments, agencies and parastatals comply with the FOI Act and is yet to take action to ensure states domesticate the law. It was a Lagos High Court, however, that ruled the FOI Act applies to states also. The case was not initiated by the Federal Government.
ii. Attack the foundations of corruption by strengthening our money laundering laws and encouraging the use of cheques and electronic transfers in financial transactions; FAILED
– While it has raised the campaign against corruption to frenzy levels, not much has been done to check money laundering. Its searchlight is mainly on opposition elements while members of the APC are free to do anything.
iii. Initiate legislation to domesticate the requirements of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) with a view to reversing the burden of proof in cases of persons accused of money laundering and the discovery of unexplained wealth; SUCCESSFUL
– The EFCC seriously kicked against this legislation but it was finally passed by the National Assembly on June 1, 2018, when Nigeria was almost being punished and was signed into law by President Buhari on June 2, 2018.
iv. Prevent abuse of executive, legislative and pubic offices through greater accountability, transparency, and strict enforcement of anti-corruption laws; FAILED
– Anti-corruption initiatives are largely targeted at opposition elements and critics of the government while members of the APC enjoy their loots in peace. Senator Musiliu Obanikoro, Timipre Sylva etc, got their seized properties back after they joined the APC and so are many other PDP chieftains who have defected to the ruling party.
v. Undertake a wholesale budgetary reform that will establish a link between development planning and public spending; FAILED
– Whatever budget reform the administration has initiated has not helped in creating sync between development planning and public spending.
D PUBLIC FINANCE MANAGEMENT
i. Ensure the reduction of overheads and waste, raise capital expenditure and observe budgetary discipline with independent annual audit of the Federation Account; and encourage States and local governments to do the same; FAILED
– The government has done very little or nothing to change the culture of waste although it has raised the capital votes. No evidence of independent annual audit of the Federation Account or that of the states and local governments.
ii. Enforce plan-based budgeting that is crucial to making progress in creating jobs as well as reducing poverty, and encourage States to do the same; FAILED
– The budgetary process has largely remained the same or has worsened during the administration. In the past, the APC had criticised the PDP for late submission of budgets to the National Assembly. However, the APC government has fared worse than the PDP in plan-based budgeting and the country had slipped into recession partly as a result of missteps of the government.
iii. Eliminate all revenue leakages and improve on all non-oil sources of revenue such as the stoppage of arbitrary import duty waivers and restricting same to budgeted waiver programmes that are non-discriminatory and form part of targeted trade policies for the promotion of efficiency and competitiveness of the Nigeria economy; FAILED
– Apart from the full implementation of the Treasury Single Account (TSA) policy it imbibed from the Jonathan administration, the government has done very little to promote competitiveness of the nation’s economy.
iv. Enhance accountability and stop the under-declaration of revenue that should go into the Consolidated Revenue Account thereby increasing resources available to the three tiers of government; FAILED
– The Governors’ Forum and other stakeholders have continued to accuse the NNPC of shortchanging the country in its remittance to the Federation Account.
v. Pursue rigorous implementation and compliance with the Fiscal Responsibility and Public Procurement Act, and faithfully apply sanctions for non-compliance; FAILED
– The government has failed woefully in this promise as shown in the case of the Executive Secretary of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) who was indicted by a presidential panel for breaches of the procurement law and other offenses and was reinstated by President Buhari even when the man was still being investigated by the EFCC and ICPC. Many of those who were sacked by the previous administration for corruption were reinstated, including Abdulrasheed Maina, who allegedly stole billions from the nation’s pension funds.
vi. Transmute security votes into line votes to enhance accountability. FAILED
– It is still business as usual at the Federal, state and local government levels.
E TRUE FEDERALISM
i. Enable, empower, and encourage the devolution of powers and functions to states and local governments in order to entrench true federalism; FAILED
– The government has woefully failed and even denied it promised to devolve power to states and or entrench true federalism.
ii. Review, update and implement past studies on the devolution of powers and revenue allocation with a view to enacting a new revenue allocation formula along with a redistribution of functions between all the 3-tiers of government; FAILED
– The government and the APC denied it promised to restructure the country and even mocked proponents of the restructuring to define the term.
HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT – POLICIES
APC recognizes that the Nigerian people are our nation’s most important asset. Therefore, APC will:
• Commit to the total eradication of illiteracy by guaranteeing and enforcing nine (9) years of compulsory basic education to every Nigerian child, as the minimum level of formal education; FAILED
– The government has not taken any step to implement this policy. Currently, the number of out of school children has increased from 10.5 million in 2016 to 13.2 million, the highest in the world.
• Implement multi-pronged educational policies and programmes that promote skills acquisition, teacher-training, vocational and commercial education among others, to meet the evolving needs of our society; FAILED
– No multi-pronged policy or programme has been introduced by the government in any of the areas mentioned above.
• Facilitate retooling and skills transfer programmes for unemployed graduates to make them self-employed or employable and productive citizens; MODERATELY SUCCESSFUL
– The N-Power scheme is a worthy initiative of the government but its success cannot be determined because the beneficiaries are yet to exit the training and or incubation period.
• Ensure the full optimization of the capacity of existing technical, vocational centers and tertiary institutions, and expand where necessary or establish new ones; FAILED
– No serious action has been taken to improve the status of technical, vocational and tertiary institutions in the country. University teachers are currently on strike and their counterparts in the polytechnics are threatening to also go on strike.
• Prioritize the improvement in quality and quantity of teachers and healthcare professionals with improved infrastructural facilities, enhanced working environment, better conditions of service and merit-based reward systems in recognition of their foundational and critical nation-building responsibilities; FAILED
– The government has not done anything serious to attain the above goal and the situation in public schools and healthcare institutions has continued to deteriorate.
• Incentivize the domestic manufacture of pharmaceuticals, reduce import dependency, and ensure that unadulterated drugs are easily available and affordable; FAILED
– No known policy has been initiated to push for local production of pharmaceutical products and affordability of drugs, instead, manufacturers are crying out against government policies that are threatening their operations.
• Provide opportunities for our youth to realize, harness, and develop their full potentials and to facilitate the emergence of a new generation of citizens committed to the sustenance of good governance and service to the people; MODERATELY SUCCESSFUL
– While the president described youth as lazy, the N-Power programme and other social security initiatives have come to the rescue of many jobless young Nigerians. But the initiatives have failed to reduce the staggering unemployment rate in the country based on the recent report of the NBS.
• Ensure that women, senior citizens, and vulnerable groups are adequately represented in government and provided with greater opportunities in education, job creation, and economic empowerment; FAILED
– The previous administration had appointed more women into leadership positions. Perhaps, Audu Ogbe and Ogonnaya Onu and Chris Ngige are senior citizens but there is no vulnerable person in President Buhari’s cabinet.
• Promote competitive sports and take measures to identify, prepare, and sponsor sports men and women as well as ensure their participation in domestic and international competitions; FAILED
– The government has not taken any serious and deliberate action to promote sports, identify, prepare, and sponsor sportsmen and women as well as ensure their participation in domestic and international competitions. Nothing has changed in the country’s management of sports.
3.1 HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT – STRATEGIES
In order to fulfill our commitment to the Nigerian citizens as outlined in this Manifesto, APC recognizes that the building blocks for our Human Capital Development (HCD) Plan will be our health, education, as well as social and welfare policies. The objective of our healthcare plan is to deliver the optimum life expectancy and wellbeing to every Nigerian. The methodology for doing this will be to focus on prevention of illness and the development of diagnostic and curative capacities when illness does occur; Therefore, APC will:
A HEALTHCARE DELIVERY
i. Improve life expectancy through our National Healthy Living Program of sensible and balanced diet, exercise and preventive measures against spread of diseases; FAILED
– The government has not initiated anything like National Healthy Living Programme.
ii. Implement a national programme to raise the number of healthcare practitioners to population ratio using fiscal and other incentives, and by attracting healthcare practitioners in the Diaspora to return home; FAILED
– No identifiable action has been taken by the government in this direction.
iii. Collaborate with states to raise gross national health expenditure per person per annum to about N50,000 from less than N10,000 currently; FAILED
– The government has not done this.
iv. Urgently raise the quality of all federal government-owned hospitals to world-class standard within five years through investments in infrastructure, diagnostic equipment and continuous professional development; FAILED
– There is no indication the government has initiated this policy.
v. Encourage active health investment and partnership programmes with the private sector to eliminate the high levels of medical tourism abroad. FAILED
– The President is a strong promoter of medical tourism having gone abroad for treatment many times and also treated his son abroad.
B PREVENTIVE HEALTHCARE
i. The vehicles for delivering preventive and reliable healthcare will be immunization, sanitation, and nutrition; FAILED
– The government has not taken any step different from what obtained in the past to improve the healthcare delivery system in the country.
ii. Given that healthcare is a concurrent constitutional responsibility, APC will encourage states and local governments who are closer to the people to be at the vanguard of immunization and sanitation management, and provide only strategic intervention support where needed or requested; FAILED
– The government has not provided any new stimulus for healthcare delivery at the state and local government levels.
iii. Given that the sustenance of preventive health policy is dependent on the ability of Nigerians to obtain appropriate nutrition in the right quantity and quality in order to keep body cells, tissues, and enzymes in optimum working condition for productive activities, APC will ensure that the provision of food (which is expressly addressed in our Manifesto and expatiated upon under our Economic Development Plan) will be a joint state-led and national government supported initiative; FAILED
– No action has been taken by the government to make good this promise.
iv. Given that states are the owners of land, APC will encourage state governments to champion food production and agro-allied processing, while the national government will stimulate output by well thought-out policies in terms of water supply and access, cost of agricultural inputs, guaranteed pricing, and other food production stimulating incentives: MODERATELY SUCCESSFUL
– The Anchor Borrowers’ Programme of the CBN was genuinely created to achieve this goal and was launched by President Buhari on November 17, 2015. The programme was, however, not a direct government intervention.
APC will ensure that daily balanced diets from combinations of staples preferred by our people are widely produced as part of our national food security programme. FAILED – More people slipped into poverty during the administration and hunger has become pervasive. Thousands of farmers who could have produced such foods have been killed and displaced by armed herdsmen in Plateau, Benue, Taraba, Nasarawa and Kaduna which are the nation’s food baskets.
C. CURATIVE HEALTHCARE
i. This level of healthcare is often capital intensive with a lot of the work being done at the secondary level in General Hospitals and the more complex cases being taken care of at the specialist centres, such as Heart, Kidney, Cancer and Eye centres; FAILED
– The government has not built a single heart, kidney, cancer and eye centre in any part of the country in almost four years.
ii. APC will encourage the states to lead at the secondary level with strategic support from the national government, while the national government will focus on its regulatory role of improving the quality of training for healthcare personnel and investment in strategic specialist centers for Heart, Kidney, Cancer, etc.; FAILED
– The government has done very little or nothing in this direction.
iii. Encourage the private sector to provide healthcare centres subject to regulatory standards and value for money; FAILED
– There is no known policy initiated to encourage private investment in the health sector.
iv. Provide access to healthcare for all our citizens through a well-managed and properly funded healthcare delivery system. FAILED
– Even the president does not believe in the country’s healthcare delivery system and that is why he gets treated in the United Kingdom. If the system at home is good enough the president will be the first to patronise it.
D EDUCATION
When our people are healthy and well nourished, they are more receptive to acquiring survival and developmental skills that our education policy is formulated to deliver.
i. The objective of our education plan is to first eradicate illiteracy and simultaneously develop a skilled and talented workforce that can get Nigeria back to work, produce quality goods and services, employ the larger population and thus reduce unemployment drastically;FAILED
– No identifiable action has been taken to eradicate illiteracy except the school feeding programme for kids in primary schools.
ii. APC will retain the 6-3-3-4 education policy because of its consistency with global standards; NOT AN ACHIEVEMENT
iii. The first 6 and 3 years (a total of 9 years) comprises the basic education that every Nigerian child will be compulsorily expected to acquire free of tuition at the minimum; FAILED
– The Federal Government is not promoting free compulsory basic education programme anywhere in the country.
iv. This is impacted at the foundational level of primary school and junior secondary school; FAILED
– It has not happened.
v. Given that education is a concurrent constitutional responsibility with the highest number of schools which provide the foundational training that eradicates illiteracy being owned by states and local governments, APC will provide full support to these levels of government to enable them to accomplish the goal as is best suited to each state and local government; FAILED
– The Paris Club Loan refunds are not grants to boost the educational sector in the states. There are refunds of the excess funds that were deducted from their allocations from the Federation Account.
vi. The federal government’s role in this regard will be primarily regulatory and supervisory to ensure near uniformity of standards; FAILED
– Nothing has changed from what obtained in the past.
vii. The last 3 and 4 years (a total of 7 years) constitute the specialization of skills to be acquired in technical and vocational colleges and other tertiary institutions where career paths are developed; FAILED
– Nothing has changed from what obtained in the past.
viii. The training of manpower at this level is again a joint responsibility where the states have a cumulative higher capacity to reach more people. In recognition of this advantageous position of the states, APC’s federal government will seek to foster and encourage the states to perform better rather than compete against them; FAILED
– Nothing has changed from what obtained in the past.
ix. Nevertheless, the existing national secondary and tertiary institutions will receive the required attention to improve their learning environment, promote research, increase professionalism and provide an expanded window of options to states where the existing capacity does not adequately meet the needs; FAILED
– Nothing has changed from what obtained in the past. Currently, ASUU is on strike and parts of the demands include improvement of the learning environment, promotion of research and increased professionalism.
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