Introduction
Good evening, distinguished guests, esteemed colleagues, mentors, and members of the journalism community. It is with profound gratitude and humility that I stand before you today to deliver this exaugural, lecture titled: “Print Journalism in Peril: How Editors Are Battling the Challenges.” This occasion marks a significant milestone in my professional journey – a journey that has spanned over two decades of dedication, resilience, and an unwavering commitment to the ideals of journalism. As we gather here, we find ourselves at a critical juncture in the history of print journalism.
The industry faces unprecedented challenges – from the disruptive impact of digital media to the evolving demands of our readership.
Yet, within these challenges lie opportunities for innovation, reinvention, and a reaffirmation of the core values that define our noble profession. Allow me to express my deepest gratitude to those who have been instrumental in shaping my career. To my mentors and editors, whose wisdom and guidance have been invaluable; to my colleagues, whose camaraderie and collaboration have enriched my professional life; and to the entire journalism community, whose relentless pursuit of truth continues to inspire me daily.
As the renowned journalist Carl Bernstein once said, “The greatest felony in the news business today is to be behind or to miss a big story.” This statement strikes at the core of what drives me in journalism— the pursuit of stories that matter, stories that shed light on the truth, and stories that have the potential to bring about real change.
My journey into journalism began at Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, where I studied English with a focus on Literature. In 2001, three years into my studies, I became deeply involved in the campus literary scene. I was an active member of the Association of Nigerian Authors (OAU Chapter), attending weekly readings on poetry and literary criticism. This energetic environment, supported by experienced writers, laid a strong foundation for my future career. I also participated in the Ife Festival of Poetry, an annual event hosted since 1998 by Professor Adebayo Lamikanra from the Faculty of Pharmacy. Though some of my poems are no longer available, they were included in the festival’s anthologies, marking my early contributions to literature.
OAU is renowned for its dynamic campus journalism. The Association of Campus Journalists celebrated its 50th anniversary this year, reflecting its long-standing role in student journalism. The English Department, where I was an undergraduate, served as a key hub for aspiring journalists. Its lobby was a meeting place for students keen to read news about the university community, which was handwritten and posted on dedicated boards—a time before widespread internet access and the advent of GSM technology in Nigeria. While Megaphone, a popular campus news platform housed within the English Department, thrived with activity, the Association of Nigerian Authors’ media platform, remained inactive. Driven by a desire to contribute, I worked to revive the ANA Board. By the time I graduated in 2004, we had successfully revitalised the platform, setting the stage for my future endeavour in journalism.
After gaining experience with a marketing communication company, a magazine, and a real estate firm, I joined PUNCH Nigeria Limited in 2008 as a Business Correspondent. Three years later, I was promoted to Senior Correspondent. In this role, I covered a range of topics, including Appointments & Management, Labour, Economy, ICT, Energy (Oil & Gas, Power, and Mining), Agriculture, and even the aviation beat. My advocacy also covered issues such as social inclusion, anti-corruption, drug trafficking prevention and nation-building. I approached journalism not just as a job but as a powerful tool to advocate for the common good, address injustice, hold those in power accountable, and amplify the voices of the marginalised. These principles guided many of my special reports and accentuated my belief in journalism’s role in shaping society.
Having served as an Assistant Editor of Saturday PUNCH handling news and politics for three and a half years under the leadership Dr. Bisi Deji-Folutile, I went on to work as News Editor and later as Business Editor of The PUNCH under Mr. Martin Ayankola, a good and compassionate editor. I was later appointed as the Editor of PUNCH Weekend Titles, namely Saturday PUNCH and Sunday PUNCH, the first in the 50-year history of the company to man both Saturday PUNCH and Sunday PUNCH simultaneously for three years. I successfully led the merger of the two-weekend titles, which resulted in significant cost savings. I also introduced new sections that increased readership and developed exclusive investigative news and feature ideas for my team. Under our guidance and mentorship, several team members received awards.
Additionally, I served as Secretary to the newspaper’s management. I also helped to steer reporters working under me toward peak performance during the COVID-19 lockdowns. Most importantly, our “save-our-soul” stories had a profound impact. For instance, our coverage of Mary Daniel, an amputee single mother selling bottled water on Lagos highways, led to her receiving a new lease of life, including a building and a sachet water business. The ability to effect real change through our reporting brings me immense joy. We did many of such stories and I remain grateful for being able to help the weak and voiceless people.
On April 4, 2022, I had the honour of being appointed Editor of The PUNCH. This role required not only overseeing day-to-day operations but also providing strategic and integrated leadership to our team of line editors and correspondents. My primary responsibility was to ensure that our reporting was both accurate and compelling. I worked closely with my team to craft stories that adhered to the highest journalistic standards, making The PUNCH the most trusted source of news in Nigeria and a leading newspaper in sub-Saharan Africa. A significant part of my task was to uphold the newspaper’s reputation for credibility and influence. This meant not just responding to the news cycle but shaping it through insightful and accurate reporting. I aimed to ensure that The PUNCH consistently provided value to our readers, contributing to public discourse and holding those in power accountable.
This dedication to excellence earned me several local and international awards, fellowships, and recognitions. Notably, in 2012, I won the Telecoms Reporter of the Year award at the Nigeria Media Merit Awards. The following year, I was named Mobile Money Reporter of the Year at the Kalahari Mobile Money Awards. I was also a finalist at the Diageo Africa Business Reporting Awards in London in both 2012 and 2013. In 2014, I received the Conoil Prize for Energy Correspondent of the Year at the Nigeria Media Merit Awards and earned commendations in two other categories. I also won the Mobil Producing Award for Energy Reporting at the Diamond Awards for Media Excellence that same year. My achievements continued; in 2015, I was awarded CSR Reporter of the Year at the Nigeria Media Merit Awards and Energy Reporter of the Year at the continental Zimeo Awards for Excellence in Media in Johannesburg, South Africa. I repeated this success at the Zimeo Excellence in Media Awards in 2016, winning the Energy & Infrastructure category. Out of about 1,000 entries from across Africa, I was among the 16 winners. In 2016, I was also the runner-up in the Infrastructure Reporting category at the CNN MultiChoice African Journalist of the Year Award in Johannesburg.
As an investigative reporter, I was honoured as one of the four winners at the African Fact-Checking Awards in 2016 during the “Reporting Africa Conference” in Nairobi. This award recognised the four best investigative fact-checking reports by African journalists that exposed misleading claims made by prominent public figures across the continent. Correspondingly, I believe I performed exceptionally well and made a significant impact as Editor of The PUNCH. My tenure was marked by a commitment to excellence, resulting in several accolades. In 2023, I was honoured as Editor of the Year, and The PUNCH was named Newspaper of the Year at the Nigeria Media Merit Awards. Additionally, I received the Editor of the Year award at The Industry Awards and was a runner-up at the Diamond Awards for Media Excellence (DAME) that same year. Our coverage of the 2023 general elections was commendable, and we upheld the newspaper’s strong legacy through consistently high-quality content.
These were not easy feats. Working with The PUNCH is challenging, but it also fosters a sense of fearlessness. The environment is unforgiving of slackers, and I was committed to excelling. So, driven by my desire to avoid mistakes that could become the subject of ridicule, I always placed a high value on thorough research before writing any major report, which earned me considerable positive feedback. For example, I frequently consulted with a former President of the Association of Telecommunications Companies of Nigeria (ATCON), Engr Titi Omo-Ettu, by phone for his insights. When we finally met in person and exchanged pleasantries, he remarked, “Is this you? And you write like a tall man!” We both laughed and the rest, as they say, is history.
I also consider it a privilege to have edited The PUNCH, Nigeria’s biggest and most widely read newspaper for two years but those two years were the most challenging of my 16-year run with the company. That story is for another day. As I stand before you today, I wish to acknowledge the vital role my mentors, colleagues, and the journalism community have played in shaping my career. From the late nights spent drafting investigative reports to the collaborations that pushed the boundaries of our work, this journey would not have been possible without the support and guidance of those around me. Thank you all for being part of this journey, and I look forward to an engaging discussion as we explore the topic, “Print Journalism in Peril: How Editors are Battling the Challenges.”
Not too young to be newspaper editors
Before addressing the existential threats facing the media industry, particularly print journalism, it’s essential to address a deeply ingrained and often unchallenged perception: the belief that younger journalists are too inexperienced to lead newspapers as editors. This notion, unfortunately, continues to persist among some veteran journalists who argue that years of experience should be the sole criterion for editorial leadership. However, this perspective is both flawed and detrimental to the growth and dynamism of the media industry.
I can personally attest to this bias. After stepping down as Editor of The PUNCH, a senior colleague expressed over the phone that I had assumed the role “too early.” While such comments may come from a place of concern or traditionalist thinking, they fail to recognise the changing landscape of leadership across industries, including media. Age is, indeed, just a number and leadership capability is not determined solely by the length of time one has spent in the industry. Instead, leadership is shaped by dedication, creativity, hard work, and, often, the grace of God.
Historically, many individuals have risen to prominence in media and beyond at relatively young ages, defying the stereotype that experience is inherently tied to age. Consider the example of the legendary journalist Lateef Kayode Jakande, born in 1929. At just 27, Jakande became the Editor-in-Chief of the Nigerian Tribune in 1956, appointed by none other than Chief Obafemi Awolowo. Jakande’s leadership and editorial prowess, developed at such a young age, not only contributed to the success of the newspaper but also laid the groundwork for his remarkable career as a politician and public servant. His story illustrates that youthful energy and vision can be powerful assets in the realm of journalism.
Similarly, Chief James Olubunmi Aboderin, who founded PUNCH Nigeria Limited at the age of 39, further exemplifies this point. Aboderin’s ability to establish a major national newspaper at that age demonstrates the importance of innovation, entrepreneurial spirit, and leadership qualities, which are not necessarily bound by age. His foresight led to the birth of what would become one of Nigeria’s most influential newspapers, showing that youth can drive success in the media industry.
Another significant example is Debo Adeshina, who became the Editor of The African Guardian magazine at 27, making him the youngest editor of a major publication at the time. Adeshina’s rise to editorial leadership challenged the traditional age-based hierarchies in journalism and reinforced the notion that younger professionals can excel when given the opportunity. His success did not come from years of experience but from his ability to think critically, lead effectively, and maintain journalistic integrity.
The argument that younger journalists are “too inexperienced” to lead ignores the fact that many industries outside journalism have seen youthful leaders flourish. In the political sphere, General Yakubu Gowon was only 31 when he became Head of State in Nigeria, taking on the immense responsibility of leading the country during a turbulent period. Today, Honourable Olubunmi Tunji-Ojo, the Minister of Interior, is 42, and Bosun Tijani, the Minister of Communications, Innovation, and Digital Economy, is 47 – both relatively young by the standards of political leadership but excelling in their roles nonetheless.
Looking beyond Nigeria, global examples further disprove the myth that youth and leadership are incompatible. Mark Zuckerberg was just 19 when he founded Facebook, and his leadership in the tech industry has revolutionised the way people interact and share information worldwide. Now 40, Zuckerberg’s influence on media and communication is undeniable. Similarly, Senegal’s President, Bassirou Diomaye Faye, assumed leadership at the age of 44, demonstrating that young leaders can and do make significant contributions to governance.
What these examples highlight is that leadership – whether in media, politics, or business – is not necessarily a function of age. It is shaped by vision, determination, and the ability to inspire and guide others. In today’s rapidly evolving media landscape, younger editors bring fresh perspectives, new ideas, and an understanding of the changing technological and cultural dynamics that are crucial to modern journalism.
One might argue that experience, while valuable, is not always the best predictor of leadership success. Experience often brings wisdom, but it can also come with a reluctance to embrace change or to think outside the box. Younger editors, unburdened by decades of entrenched practices, are often more willing to experiment, innovate, and take risks that might ultimately lead to the survival and thriving of print journalism in an era of digital disruption.
As we confront the many challenges facing the media industry – declining print circulation, shrinking revenues, and competition from digital platforms – it is more important than ever to have leaders who are adaptable and forward-thinking. Younger journalists, who have grown up in a digital-first world, are often better equipped to understand the shifts in audience behaviour and the technologies that are reshaping how news is consumed. Their leadership can bridge the gap between traditional journalism and the demands of a new media landscape.
Furthermore, the assumption that young editors lack the maturity or wisdom to lead a newsroom overlooks the fact that many young professionals today have gained valuable experience early in their careers. Today’s younger journalists often have access to advanced educational resources, mentorship programmes, and international exposure that previous generations did not. These opportunities accelerate their learning and leadership potential, enabling them to assume significant roles earlier in life. It is also worth noting that younger leaders often bring a different set of priorities and values to the newsroom, such as a greater emphasis on inclusivity, diversity, and social justice. In a media landscape that increasingly demands representation and accountability, having younger editors at the helm can lead to more equitable coverage that resonates with a broader audience.
In conclusion, the notion that young journalists are “too inexperienced” to serve as newspaper editors is outdated and shortsighted. Leadership in media, as in other sectors, is about much more than age. It is about the ability to inspire, innovate, and respond to the challenges of the moment. The examples of Lateef Kayode Jakande, James Olubunmi Aboderin, and Debo Adeshina, among others, demonstrate that young editors can, and often do, lead with distinction. If we are to ensure the continued relevance and success of the media industry, particularly print journalism, we must be willing to trust in the abilities of younger professionals and give them the opportunities they deserve. After all, the future of journalism lies in their hands.
Pint journalism’s current challenges
The advent of print media in Nigeria can be traced back to 1859 when Reverend Henry Townsend published Iwe Irohin, the first newspaper in the country, in Abeokuta. This publication was a critical tool in shaping public opinion and educating readers, particularly in the Yoruba-speaking regions. Following this pioneering effort, the Nigerian print media grew rapidly, with notable publications such as The Lagos Times in 1880, The Nigerian Chronicle, and The West African Pilot in 1937, founded by Nnamdi Azikiwe. These early newspapers played a key role in Nigeria’s political history, becoming platforms for anti-colonial agitation and the promotion of nationalist ideas. Over the decades, the print media established itself as a dominant force in shaping public opinion and holding those in power accountable.
The print media sector in Nigeria once considered a dominant force in shaping public opinion and providing reliable information, now faces a complex set of challenges. These difficulties, shared by print media globally, are intensified by Nigeria’s unique economic, technological, and socio-political environment. As digital technology transforms the way people consume information, print journalism struggles to maintain its relevance, readership, and profitability. Addressing these challenges requires an understanding of the multifaceted issues facing the industry, from dwindling advertising revenue to declining circulation, technological disruption, and issues of trust in the media.
1. Audience Preferences and Changing Consumption Habits
Print journalism in Nigeria faces a tough challenge with the changing preferences and habits of today’s readers. As mobile technology and digital platforms become more common, traditional newspapers are finding it hard to keep up with younger audiences who are less interested in picking up a physical paper. Younger generations, especially Millennials and Gen Z, prefer news that’s quick and easy to access on their smartphones. They turn to mobile apps, social media, and instant notifications for their updates, favouring brief, bite-sized information over the more detailed articles that print newspapers are known for. This shift is driven by the convenience and immediacy of digital news, which fits better into their fast-paced lives.
For print newspapers, this trend means a real challenge. Long-form pieces and in-depth reports, which have traditionally been the strength of print journalism, are often bypassed in favour of quick updates delivered digitally. Newspapers now have to rethink how they create and share content to appeal to a generation that prefers instant access and short-form news. This shift in audience habits isn’t just about changing content; it’s about dealing with the financial impact as fewer people buy print editions. Newspapers must adapt to these new habits while grappling with the costs and demands of digital platforms. As digital media takes over, maintaining the engagement of a print audience and staying relevant in this new landscape remains a major struggle for traditional journalism.
In response, many Nigerian newspapers have developed online platforms and social media pages to engage their audiences. However, these platforms often struggle to monetise their content effectively, as the competition from free online sources is fierce.
2. The Shift to Digital Media
The shift to digital media presents significant challenges for traditional print journalism, particularly in Nigeria, where the transformation has been swift and unforgiving. While audiences have increasingly moved online, the technical expertise required to effectively manage digital platforms has become a major obstacle. The production of digital content demands a different skill set compared to traditional print journalism. Reporters and editors are now expected to create multimedia content, manage social media accounts, and stay updated with the latest digital tools. However, many print journalists lack the technical expertise required to adapt, which creates a significant gap in their ability to compete in the fast-paced digital environment.
This expertise gap is further compounded by the complexity and cost of running digital media operations. Maintaining an online presence involves significant financial investments in web development, content management systems, cybersecurity, and data analytics. Nigerian newspapers, already struggling with declining print revenues, find it difficult to allocate the necessary funds to sustain competitive digital operations. The technical maintenance of websites, the need for high-speed servers, and the costs associated with search engine optimisation (SEO) make digital publishing an expensive venture. For many news outlets, the cost of operating in the digital space outstrips the already diminishing revenues generated from traditional print advertising.
Furthermore, digital media’s hyper-competitive nature creates additional strain on traditional newspapers. Unlike print, where newspapers compete with a relatively small number of publications, the digital space is saturated with thousands of news portals, blogs, and user-generated content. The presence of free content online, much of which is disseminated through social media platforms, makes it increasingly difficult for traditional media houses to stand out. This overcrowded digital landscape forces newspapers to constantly update content to stay relevant, increasing the demand for around-the-clock operations. This level of continuous engagement demands greater staffing, which inflates operational costs without guaranteeing corresponding revenue increases. Many Nigerian media houses are unable to keep up with these demands, resulting in reduced output quality and a weakened presence in the digital market.
3. Declining Revenue and the Advertising Crisis
Revenue generation remains a significant challenge for print journalism. Traditionally, newspapers depended on two main sources of income: circulation and advertising. However, both of these revenue streams are under significant pressure as readership declines and advertisers shift to digital platforms like Facebook, Google, and Instagram. These platforms offer more targeted advertising options at lower costs, making them more appealing compared to traditional print ads. This shift has resulted in a diminished pool of advertisers for print media. And so, print media is experiencing a severe revenue crisis.
In Nigeria, the competitive advertising market exacerbates this issue. Many brands are now prioritising online campaigns to effectively reach their audiences. As a result, the absence of substantial advertising revenue has led to downsizing and cost-cutting measures within numerous newspaper houses across the country. The financial strain has caused delays in salaries, budget constraints, and even layoffs. Journalists and editors are often faced with these challenges, which can undermine the quality of journalism, as it becomes harder to retain skilled professionals or invest in resource-intensive investigative reporting. The struggle to maintain a robust workforce and invest in in-depth reporting has become a critical challenge. The sharp decline in advertising revenue thus poses a severe threat to the future sustainability of print journalism in Nigeria.
4. Monetisation Issues
The monetisation of digital news presents a significant challenge for print media houses in Nigeria. Although digital platforms offer new revenue possibilities, effectively converting digital content into profit remains difficult. One major obstacle is the reluctance of many readers to pay for news online. Unlike traditional print subscriptions, where consumers are accustomed to paying for physical copies, digital news faces resistance in the form of low willingness to pay for online access. Furthermore, advertising revenue from digital platforms often falls short compared to print media. Online ads typically generate lower returns, partly due to the proliferation of free content and the ease with which digital ads can be ignored or blocked. This disparity means that even though digital media might attract large audiences, converting these clicks into substantial revenue proves challenging.
Several Nigerian newspapers have trialled paywalls or subscription models to monetise digital content. However, these methods have yielded mixed results. In a country where disposable income is limited for many, expecting readers to pay for online news poses a significant hurdle. The economic reality means that most readers are accustomed to accessing news for free or at a low cost, making it difficult to shift this mindset towards a paid model. Overall, these monetisation issues reflect broader difficulties in adapting to the digital age, where print media houses in Nigeria struggle to find a profitable balance in the evolving landscape of news consumption.
To address these monetisation issues, Nigerian newspapers need to rethink their business models. This might involve diversifying revenue streams, such as offering premium content, investing in sponsored content, or creating niche publications that cater to specific audiences willing to pay for specialised news. Furthermore, newspapers must look for ways to reduce production costs without compromising the quality of their journalism. This could involve leveraging technology to streamline production processes, collaborating with other media houses to share resources, or adopting innovative distribution strategies that reduce reliance on traditional print models.
5. Economic Instability and Rising Production Costs
The Nigerian economy’s volatile nature also plays a significant role in the challenges facing print journalism. Economic instability has led to rising costs in production, from the price of newsprint to transportation and distribution. Most newspapers in Nigeria still rely heavily on physical distribution to reach their readers, and the increasing cost of production has forced many to reduce the number of printed copies or even downsize their operations entirely.
Newsprint, the paper used to print newspapers, is largely imported into Nigeria. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, import duties, and the rising cost of fuel all contribute to the soaring cost of newsprint and other essential materials. The inflationary pressures that come with economic instability have further complicated the financial viability of print journalism. Newspapers that once circulated widely are now dealing with how to keep costs manageable while continuing to serve their readers. For smaller, regional publications, the financial burden is even more acute. Many have been forced to fold or scale back operations due to unsustainable production costs. This has led to reduced access to local news, particularly in rural areas, where newspapers have traditionally played a critical role in informing communities.
6. Environmental Concerns
Environmental challenges are becoming increasingly relevant in the global conversation, and print journalism in Nigeria is not exempt from these concerns. The production and distribution of newspapers rely heavily on natural resources, particularly paper, ink, and power (electricity or fuel). These activities contribute to deforestation, pollution, and carbon emissions. As environmental awareness grows, readers and advertisers alike are starting to pay more attention to the environmental footprint of the media they consume. The use of paper, in particular, is under scrutiny, as newspapers are seen as contributing to waste, especially in an era when digital alternatives exist. In Nigeria, these concerns are compounded by the country’s existing environmental challenges, such as waste management and pollution. The production of newspapers adds to the country’s waste problem, with copies that go unsold or unread often ending up in landfills. Furthermore, the chemicals used in printing inks can be harmful to the environment, particularly if not disposed of properly.
For print media to remain viable, it must address these environmental issues head-on. This could involve adopting more sustainable production practices, such as using recycled paper or environmentally friendly inks. Some newspapers globally have already transitioned to these practices, but they come with additional costs that may be difficult to bear, especially in an already financially strained industry. Nigerian newspapers must find a balance between maintaining environmental responsibility and managing the costs associated with eco-friendly production.
7. Political and Regulatory Pressures
Print journalism in Nigeria also faces significant political and regulatory challenges. The media has historically played a key role in holding those in power accountable, often serving as a check on government actions and policies. However, this watchdog role has not always been welcomed by political authorities. In recent years, there have been numerous cases of intimidation, harassment, and censorship of journalists by both state and non-state actors. Several policies and laws have been weaponised over time to curtail press freedom. The Official Secrets Act of 1962 is one of the earliest laws used to limit journalistic reporting, as it imposes restrictions on the dissemination of government information, even in cases where such information is vital to public interest. The Nigerian Broadcasting Commission (NBC) Act also gives the government broad powers to regulate the content of the media, granting authorities the ability to shut down or fine media outlets deemed to have violated its vague guidelines.
More recently, the Cybercrime Act of 2015, designed to combat cyber threats, has been used to target journalists and bloggers. Under this law, journalists who publish stories critical of the government or political elites risk being accused of “cyberstalking” or defamation, which can lead to arrest, detention, and legal action. The Protection from Internet Falsehood and Manipulations Bill, also known as the “Social Media Bill,” was introduced to further regulate online content, with provisions that could have far-reaching consequences for press freedom, although it was eventually shelved following public outrage.
These laws, coupled with a culture of frequent defamation suits against newspapers, have created an environment where journalists are forced to practise self-censorship to avoid legal battles or government retaliation. This not only undermines the press’s watchdog role but also diminishes the quality of reporting, as newspapers avoid publishing sensitive or critical stories. Consequently, the erosion of press freedom results in the public losing trust in the media, further weakening the ability of the press to hold power to account. This climate of fear and control over the media affects the credibility of news outlets and hinders democratic processes in Nigeria, making it harder for the print industry to survive in such an oppressive regulatory environment.
8. The Decline of Public Trust in Media
In recent years, public trust in media has steadily declined, both globally and in Nigeria. While print journalism was once seen as a cornerstone of truth and integrity, today it faces significant challenges to its credibility. Political and regulatory pressures, as previously discussed, play a major role in this decline. The clampdown on press freedom, coupled with harassment and legal threats, has led to self-censorship, which diminishes the press’s ability to report independently and fearlessly. This compromises journalistic integrity and leads the public to view the media with suspicion.
Beyond political pressures, other forms of bias have also contributed to the erosion of trust in Nigerian media. Ethnic, religious, and political affiliations often influence the editorial stance of some newspapers, leading to accusations of partiality. When audiences perceive that news is skewed or favouring a particular group or political party, it undermines confidence in the media’s objectivity. This problem is compounded by the deep-seated political divisions in Nigeria, where the media is often seen as a tool for advancing partisan agendas rather than an impartial platform for truth.
The rise of sensationalism in reporting is another factor that has fuelled distrust in print journalism. The competitive pressure of a 24-hour news cycle, spurred by digital media, has pushed some newspapers to favour sensational headlines and controversial stories. This focus on clickbait-driven content often prioritises shock value over in-depth reporting or accuracy. In instances where stories are rushed to meet deadlines or published without sufficient verification, the media ends up disseminating misinformation, which further damages its credibility.
The effect of declining public trust is profound. As audiences become more sceptical, they turn to alternative news sources, often relying on social media posts of influencers, blogs, or foreign media outlets. This not only affects newspaper circulation but also reduces the influence of traditional print media in shaping public discourse. When newspapers lose their authority as trusted voices, the entire media ecosystem suffers, as does the public’s access to reliable and factual information. Restoring public trust is essential for the survival of print journalism. Newspapers must continue to invest in fact-checking, provide context for their stories, and clearly distinguish between opinion pieces and factual reporting. Building trust is a long-term process that requires consistent effort, but newspapers must regain the confidence of their readers.
9. Misinformation and the Rise of “Fake News”
Misinformation and “fake news” have become one of the biggest headaches for print media today. Working in a newspaper firm, it’s clear that we’re constantly fighting an uphill battle against the sheer volume of unverified, misleading, or outright false information spreading across digital platforms. The reality is that people are consuming news faster than ever, but they’re getting it from platforms that don’t follow the same rigorous editorial process we adhere to in print media.
In Nigeria, this problem hits hard. During elections, protests, or major crises, misinformation spreads like wildfire. You’ve got people forwarding WhatsApp messages, retweeting fake claims, or sharing doctored images before we’ve even had the chance to properly verify a story. It’s incredibly frustrating because while we’re taking the time to fact-check, digital platforms are letting these false stories go viral.
The shift to digital media hasn’t just changed how people consume news; it’s also changed how quickly misinformation can overshadow the hard work we put into accurate reporting. We’re still committed to delivering the truth, but readers often don’t wait for that. By the time we’ve published a well-researched story, social media has already done its damage. The result? People are losing trust in all forms of media, including newspapers that have maintained journalistic integrity for years.
It doesn’t help that the resources to fight this battle are shrinking. We don’t have the luxury of large investigative teams anymore, and it’s tough to keep up when we’re stretched so thin. Meanwhile, misinformation keeps gaining ground. The truth is, that the print media landscape has become a battlefield, and we’re losing ground to fake news that spreads faster than we can fact-check. And that’s the harsh reality we’re dealing with every day.
Are Editors responsible for the revenue crisis in the industry?
As someone working within the Nigerian newspaper sector, the question of whether editors are responsible for the revenue crisis is one that cuts deep. It’s no secret that Nigeria’s print journalism industry is facing a serious revenue crisis, and, being in the thick of it, editors are often caught in the crossfire. It’s easy to point fingers at the editorial desks, but the truth is, that the challenges go far beyond what editors control. However, we must be honest—while editors certainly play a role, the responsibility for the ongoing revenue challenges is shared across the entire ecosystem, and it is unfair to lay the blame solely on editors. The question of whether editors are responsible for the decline in revenue needs a realistic assessment of an editor’s role, the wider business environment, and the digital revolution that’s upended how news is consumed.
Editors play a crucial role in shaping the content and direction of a newspaper or media house. Traditionally, an editor’s responsibilities have centred around content management, ensuring accuracy, journalistic integrity, and relevance to the audience. However, the modern media landscape requires editors to do more than just ensure editorial quality; editors are increasingly being drawn into the commercial aspects of the industry. This shift has created an environment where the performance of editors is judged not only based on journalistic merit but also on their ability to engage and grow an audience, ultimately contributing to the paper’s bottom line.
One could argue that the financial struggles of Nigeria’s print media industry have been exacerbated by the inability of some editors to fully adapt to these new expectations. Editors are now required to make decisions that balance journalistic integrity with the commercial demands of the business. However, this is no simple task. The media landscape has changed drastically, and editorial strategies that worked in the past may no longer be relevant or sufficient to attract the modern reader.
Let’s be honest – monetising digital content is one of the toughest challenges we face today. It’s no secret that advertising revenues have plummeted, not just because of the economy, but because advertisers now find more value in digital platforms. Editors can create the most engaging, thought-provoking content, but it’s the business side of things that often doesn’t follow through. While it’s easy to say that we should make the content more advertiser-friendly, the reality is that the editorial direction of a publication can’t always bend to commercial interests without compromising its integrity. The advent of paywalls and subscription models hasn’t worked well for many Nigerian newspapers, partly due to the low disposable income in the country and the abundance of free alternatives. It’s one thing to put up a paywall; it’s another to convince a population already struggling with economic hardship to pay for news that they can get for free elsewhere, albeit with less credibility. The digital shift has left editors caught between maintaining the quality and depth that traditional print journalism demands, and the pressures of a fast-moving digital world.
While editors undoubtedly play a significant role in shaping the fortunes of a newspaper, it is essential to acknowledge that they are not the sole actors responsible for the revenue crisis. The management of media houses also bears responsibility for the industry’s financial struggles. Many newspapers in Nigeria face structural challenges, including outdated business models, lack of investment in digital infrastructure, and poor strategic planning. Editors may be tasked with curating content that appeals to readers and advertisers, but they often work within constraints imposed by management decisions.
The failure of media houses to invest in new technologies, hire digital-savvy staff, and develop innovative revenue streams has hampered the ability of editors to respond effectively to the challenges posed by the digital revolution. Furthermore, many media houses in Nigeria operate within a highly politicised environment, which can limit editorial independence and result in content that is either censored or shaped by external pressures. This can further erode public trust in the media, which has a direct impact on circulation and revenue.
Are Editors to Blame?
So, are editors responsible for the revenue crisis in the industry? In part, yes. We are the gatekeepers of content, and our decisions shape how a newspaper is perceived by its readers and advertisers. But let’s be clear: we are not working in a vacuum. The revenue crisis is the result of a combination of factors, many of which are beyond our control. The global shift to digital media, the decline in advertising revenue, economic hardship, political interference, and public distrust all play a role. To place the blame solely on editors is to oversimplify a very complex problem. We do have a responsibility to adapt to the changing media landscape, but the financial struggles of Nigeria’s print media industry go far beyond what happens in the editorial room.
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- Aiyedatiwa sacks aide over alleged bribery, intimidation, orders probe
Conclusion
Here is my final thought. Print journalism in Nigeria faces a tough road, no doubt. The rise of digital media, the decline in advertising revenue, political pressures, and the spread of misinformation are challenges that test even the most resilient newsrooms. But despite it all, print journalism remains essential. It’s a foundation that has been responsible for holding power to account, informing the public, and providing a steady voice in the noise of modern media. While digital platforms seem to dominate the space, print journalism still holds a unique position, especially when it comes to delivering thoughtful, well-researched content that doesn’t fall victim to the fast-paced nature of online misinformation. We still offer something that digital media often lacks – credibility built on years of commitment to integrity and thoroughness.
For upcoming journalists, the path ahead may seem daunting. The pressures are undeniable, but this is also a time to stay rooted in the values that define good journalism – accuracy, thoroughness, and fairness. These are not negotiable, no matter how fast the world around us changes. The landscape may shift, but the need for truth remains. My advice is to keep evolving, yes, but never forget the basics. Digital skills are important, but so are ethics. It’s easy to get lost in the allure of quick news cycles and viral stories, but the power of journalism lies in its ability to inform, educate, and hold those in power accountable.
For fellow journalists and editors, this is not the end of the road. It’s a time to rethink, to innovate, and to remind ourselves why we took on this job in the first place. The challenges are immense, but so are the possibilities. The core values of journalism – accuracy, integrity, and credibility – are more important now than ever. The noise online can be overwhelming, and it’s easy to be swept up in the race for clicks, but the printed word still carries weight. Readers may be distracted by the constant influx of information, but they continue to turn to reliable sources when the noise becomes too much. We can still be that trusted source, but only if we stick to what matters: the truth.
My hope for the future is simple: that we continue to evolve, but without losing what makes us essential. The future of print journalism depends on our ability to adapt without losing sight of what makes us relevant. The challenges will keep coming, but so will the need for truth, accountability, and the written word. I believe that with persistence, integrity, and a willingness to embrace new ideas, we can ensure that print journalism remains a vital and respected voice in Nigeria’s ever-evolving media landscape. We may face an uncertain future, but one thing is clear—journalism, in all its forms, still has a vital role to play in Nigeria’s story. Let’s not forget that. After all, no matter the format, the truth will always have its place.
. Being an Exaugural Lecture marking the exit of Dayo Oketola as the Editor of The PUNCH on September 17, 2024.
